单挑：有癫痫发作的多种类型的

“Everyone who’s had a seizure should have a thorough evaluation,” says Barbara Jobst, M.D., epilepsy program director at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Hanover, NH. See an epilepsy specialist. “We start with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an electroencephalogram (EEG),” Dr Jobst explains. “If medications don’t help, we may admit you to the hospital and take you off your meds to bring on a seizure. Then we do a video EEG showing where in the brain the seizure starts.” A thorough exam can provide clues to what’s causing your epilepsy—from a tumor to scar tissue to misshaped blood vessels.

有数百个不同类型的癫痫的，衰弱情况下可以轻松控制的类型。发展癫痫性脑病，例如，是一个超级严重的遗传形式显示出来1.年龄与其他类型的癫痫之前，癫痫发作可温和得多。

有两种主要类型 -焦和generalized哪位医生根据他们的大脑开始在那里进行分类。要那种你有哪些人物，医生用工具，包括神经系统检查，核磁共振，CAT扫描和其他影像学检查。

局灶性发作是通过在特定的点的电不稳定对大脑，例如，该区域影响语音或运动的一侧引起的。然而，有时候，他们接管整个大脑杰奎琳法国人，医学博士，癫痫病基金会的首席医疗官说。这些癫痫发作岁以后通常开始35在你年纪大，你就越有可能是发展它们。“你可以用它出生或获取它一路走来，”法国博士说。让我们看看不同类型的局灶性发作的。

局灶性癫痫发作知道，人永远失去了知觉。“他们意识到它的发生，他们能记住的细节，当它已经结束了，”法国博士解释说。这种癫痫发作可以在很多方面发挥出来，正是取决于大脑的哪些区域参与。“如果小片大脑多数民众赞成被逗乐的影响你的肌肉，”法国博士说，“你可能会遇到你的手臂或腿的抽搐。如果一块你的大脑会影响你的思维能力，你可能有似曾相识的感觉体验。如果它影响你的情绪，你可能会感到害怕“。

When a seizure involves the parts of your brain that affect your ability to think and remember, you’re having a focal-unaware seizure. That can look different for everyone. “You could be sitting and staring, you could be shaking, you could even be walking or stiffening. It all depends on how the electrical surge is making a path through your brain,” says Dr. French. “[But] being unaware isn’t the same as being unconscious. You may realize a seizure is happening, but your understanding of the outside world fades away. You may be unable to speak because that area of your brain is affected.”

这是最可怕的各种癫痫的获得，因为即使他们在一个地方开始，电活动传遍你的大脑。他们是你在电视上看到或电影中戏剧化的经典发作。他们会让你动摇和冲击，滚在地板上，或泡沫在嘴。“经过这在所有，”法国博士说，“强直 - 阵挛性发作是最有可能造成伤害，因为你可能会在地面上砸你的头。”虽然它往往是可以治疗的，这是癫痫的最糟糕的情况。

Unlike focal seizures, generalized seizures, which may have a genetic cause, start with electrical discharges in both sides of the brain. These are the kind of seizures that only begin happening in people younger than 35, though once they start, they may continue for a lifetime. There are three kinds of generalized seizures: absence, myoclonic, and tonic-clonic.

与失神发作，人盯心不在焉了几秒钟，因为他们经历他们的认识水平短暂变化。医学研究的2018贝勒大学相比，这种类型的癫痫发作的管弦乐队演奏没有一个导体。“当检结束，就好像回到了导体和音乐家和谐再玩一次，”法国博士说。“你的眼睛可能有茫然的样子，但你可以静静地坐在那里，没有人会注意到。”

广义肌阵挛seizures的特点是突然的，快速的美体混蛋，经常在手臂或腿。他们只持续了几秒钟，他们可以从轻微抽搐的混蛋，是如此有力的IT能把你撞翻，或让你丢的东西，在你的手。这些发作通常不影响你的意识，他们往往对药物反应良好。

这是戏剧性的，有潜在危险的癫痫发作是敲你把你的脚，他们就更有可能的孩子，尤其是孩子发育迟缓之间发生。“他们不开始在六十年代发生的事情，”法国博士解释说。他们是完全一样的焦点强直 - 阵挛性发作，唯一的区别是，他们在你的大脑的两个部分，而不是在一个特定的区域开始。

癫痫的首次治疗策略通常是药物治疗。“这并不能治愈癫痫病，”因为Jobst博士解释说。“它通过减少过多的大脑电活动抑制癫痫发作。”对于大多数人来说，药物真正的帮助。来自哥伦比亚大学的一项研究审查其有效性，并在一年的过程中，由于患者多79％发现救济。为了达到最佳效果，把你服药的指示，并报告任何副作用，比如与思维，记忆，或疲劳的问题。你的医生可以改变剂量或服药。仍然有问题？手术是另一种选择。

On average, says Dr. Jobst, medication controls seizures for 70% of patients. But if you’re among the unlucky 30%, surgery may be an effective treatment for those with focal epilepsy. First, visit a specialized epilepsy center (在这里找到一个）进行评估。当医生知道癫痫发作的发生，他们可以删除该组织，采用常规手术或激光治疗间质性to remove brain tissue. “These procedures reduce seizures 64% of the time,” says Dr. Jobst.

Starting from your brain, there’s a pair of vagus nerves that carry messages throughout the rest of your body. With vagus nerve stimulation therapy (VNS), a tiny pulse generator, implanted in your chest, sends mild electrical stimulations to help calm the brain activity that leads to seizures.

VNS may take a year or two to kick in, but when it does, it can be very effective. One study showed that VNS therapy led to improvements for 60% of patients, with 8% of them experiencing complete freedom from seizures.

Studies show that the ketogenic diet, an extremely low-carb eating program, can help people when medications and surgery don’t work. A 2018 study showed that 13% of patients on the diet were seizure free and 53% saw their seizures reduced by half.

“生酮饮食的作品真的很好的儿童，因为它更容易，以限制他们的食物，”因为Jobst博士说，”它与成人谁能够坚持它的工作原理。但是，这是一个非常困难的饮食遵循。你必须去所有功能于当你花大价钱买一次，效果可能会水涨船高。”

癫痫和萧条的ten go hand-in-hand. A 2019 study showed that 55% of people with epilepsy also suffer from depression—and depression is linked to an increase in seizures. But a mindfulness-based program called Using Practice and Learning to Increase Favorable Thoughts (UPLIFT), which you can do at home, can help. A study published in 2020 showed that the program significantly reduced the number and severity of seizures that participants experienced. Learn more about UPLIFT这里。