6 Signs That You Have Healthy Breasts

什么是“正常”?什么不是?您什么时候应该打电话给医生?

bySarah Ludwig Rausch 卫生作家

如果你有breasts, you’ve no doubt wondered at times if yours are “normal.” After all, there’s a ton of natural variety out there—big, small, tear-dropped, side set, bell-shaped, asymmetrical, perky, droopy … they can even have丘疹。列表继续!

So, what’s considered typical when it comes to breasts? When should you be concerned or even flag your doctor about irregularities? And are there ways to help keep your breasts in tip-top shape? Our pair of experts clear up the confusion (and nip unnecessary worry in the bud).

您的自我检查从这里开始

Thankfully, most women have healthy breasts for most of their lives. Consider the following characteristics as signs of healthy breasts:

1.乳房的外观和感觉保持不变

健康的乳房具有外观和质地,一生都保持相对较差。大卫·欧胡斯(David Euhus),医学博士professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore, MD. He points out that there’s a wide range of what’s considered “normal” when it comes to the look and feel of your breasts.

例如,许多妇女的乳房有肿块,坎bump和/或浓密的乳房,尤其是在绝经前的情况下,Lauren M. DeStefano, M.D。她说,只要您能感觉到整个乳房的肿块,并且双方基本相同,这被认为是正常的。Destefano博士补充说:“我经常告诉女性,了解自己的身体很重要。”“知道什么何时新事物是新事物,因为他们自己的身体确实是最重要的事情。”

何时关注:If you notice any lumps, on just one or on both breasts, that are harder or feel different than the rest of your breast, talk to your doctor. It’s likely noncancerous, but it’s important to make sure. So, get it checked out.

2.乳腺皮肤清晰

Euhus博士说,健康的乳房甚至皮肤没有变化或出现皮疹。

何时关注:Look out for skin changes such as redness, swelling, rashes, or darkening, says Dr. Euhus. A rash might be related to a chronic condition, such as捕鱼手游 。再说一次,如果您的乳房是红色的,并且您怀孕或护理,则可能会出现乳房感染,该乳房感染会粘在您的乳房或牛奶管道上。Euhus博士指出,当您不怀孕或母乳喂养时,通常会从细菌进入乳房中感染乳房感染,通常是乳晕边缘周围。如果您患有自身免疫性疾病,乳房植入物,乳头穿刺,烟草或尼古丁成瘾或湿疹,则更有可能per the Cleveland Clinic.

It’s unusual, but sometimes a change in color means something more serious is going on. Inflammatory乳腺癌can develop quickly, making your breasts swollen and red within a couple of weeks. It also makes your skin look and feel bumpy, like an orange peel, Dr. Euhus says. Though炎性乳腺癌他补充说,很少见,这可能是积极的。因此,请您的医生立即检查任何此类更改。

3.乳房在体温下

Your breasts should be at the same temperature as the rest of your body, according to Dr. Euhus.

何时关注:如果您注意到乳房中的任何区域都会加热和/或红色,请参见您的医生,Euhus博士建议。这可能是乳腺炎,乳腺组织的炎症会影响多达25%的母乳喂养妇女。最近的评论。But it’s important to know that anyone can get mastitis, per the Mayo Clinic, including men. It can be accompanied by an infection and may require antibiotics.

另一方面,有时温暖的信号表明炎症可能是由pulled muscle。(不,您的乳房不是肌肉,但是如果您劳累,则胸部肌肉可能会发炎。)从任何导致压力和轻柔拉伸的活动中休息,这是您最好的选择。

4. Nipples Do Not Discharge Blood

乳头排放is common when you’re pregnant, nursing, or you’ve recently had a baby. But even when none of those apply to you, Dr. DeStefano notes that some nipple discharge is totally normal. “You can express a discharge from 80% of women, even women that haven’t had a baby for a long, long time,” agrees Dr. Euhus.

何时关注:Euhus博士建议,如果您有一个由一个管道单独出现的血腥排放,则需要尽快将其签出。Destefano博士补充说,大多数情况下,流血的流血是由于管道内乳头状瘤的非癌性生长引起的。但是有时“这些可能与异常细胞有关,这可能是前癌或癌症的先驱。”

5.他们有时会疼

Pain in your breasts is extremely common and generally “not a sign of something scary,” assures Dr. DeStefano. “乳房疼痛is very rarely associated with a breast cancer.”

“Having pain is not a sign that your breasts are sick—it’s a sign that you have breasts,” Dr. Euhus adds. He explains that breast pain is broken down into two groups: cyclical mastalgia, or pain that’s associated with your monthly menstrual cycle; and noncyclic mastalgia, which tends to be pain in one spot.

Besides hormonal fluctuations, Dr. DeStefano says another major cause of pain is wearing the wrong bra size. She recommends getting properly fitted for a bra at your local department store. “Wearing a properly fitted support bra is really key. The breasts move and bounce more than we may realize just in daily life,” she says.

何时关注:如果您的一个乳房只有疼痛,或者似乎与您的月经无关,请去看医生。Euhus博士说:“我们用乳房X线照片和超声检查在一个地方评估疼痛,​​以确保那里没有。”

6.腋窝不会肿胀或嫩

During yourregular breast self-exam,请务必检查您的腋窝。每个都有大约20个淋巴结,它们是构成人体免疫系统一部分的小豆类组织簇。大多数情况下,您甚至不会注意到它们。另外,一些妇女的腋窝有乳房组织(腋窝)。

何时关注:如果您确实会注意到一个或两个腋窝的肿胀或压痛,请不要惊慌。Euhus博士说:“尤其是在这个时代,绝大多数肿胀的淋巴结是由乳腺癌以外的其他东西引起的。”“从感染到[冠状病毒病疫苗。”

看看您的医生,如果团块不断变大,它们已经肿胀了两个星期或更长时间,他们会感到艰难或橡胶,或者您也发烧,无法解释的体重减轻或夜汗。

健康的乳房基础

根据他们在实践中经常听到的担忧,我们的专家有一些额外的建议。Destefano博士说:“乳房通常是不对称的,一个乳房比另一个乳房稍大或略大。”“这是完全正常的。”(俗话说:他们是姐妹,而不是双胞胎!)

乳房疼痛和压痛也非常普遍,通常与您的荷尔蒙有关,随着激素的波动,可能会在月经周期中进行。对于某些女性来说,这只是一点酸痛,但是对于其他女性来说,疼痛可能很严重。Destefano博士建议有症状管理,包括:

  • Decrease your caffeine consumption(咖啡,茶,苏打水,巧克力)。她说:“通常,我的咖啡爱好者会告诉我,一旦减少咖啡摄入量,他们的乳房疼痛就不那么糟糕了。”

  • 适当安装胸罩,如果您的疼痛很严重,请在晚上穿。

  • Take NSAIDs(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as Advil or Motrin (ibuprofen).

  • Try evening primrose oil,DeStefano博士说的一种补充减轻疼痛。It’s usually taken as a supplement or applied as a topical oil.

  • Consider Rx medicationsthat your doctor can prescribe for you if none of the above work to decrease your breast pain. This includes Danocrine (danazole) and Nolvadex (tamoxifen),per the Cleveland Clinic

虽然可以治疗日常酸痛,但没有已知的方法来预防乳腺癌。那是因为许多风险因素无法控制。Euhus博士说:“乳腺癌的问题是80%是由于复制DNA时的随机误差而引起的,其中10%是遗传性的。”他补充说,其余10%可能是由于可修改的危险因素所致,但要点是,绝大多数乳腺癌无法阻止。

Destefano博士说,乳腺癌也很常见,大约有八分之一的妇女发展起来。但是有一些好消息。她说:“我们的筛查变得如此出色,以至于我们通常会在很早,可治愈的阶段发现这些癌症。”

也就是说,您可以进行一些生活方式改变,这可能会降低您患乳腺癌的风险。这些包括:

  • 停止吸烟

  • 限制您的酒精摄入量。Destefano博士指出:“适度可以。”对于生物妇女来说,这意味着每天不超过一杯Mayo Clinic

  • Get to (and stay at) a healthy weight. Talk to your doctor about what that means for you.

  • Stay physically active. The current美国人的体育锻炼指南建议每周五次进行30分钟的适度活动,并进行两次肌肉加强运动。“ [中等活动]可以走路;它不必太艰难了,” Destefano博士补充说。

  • 减少您吃的加工食品和红肉。

  • Increase your intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber.

  • 不要服用激素避孕药超过五年或六年。Euhus博士说,长期使用会增加您的绝经前乳腺癌的风险。

  • 同样,使用激素替代疗法(HRT)绝经后尽可能短。Euhus博士说:“您的效果越长,就会越高。”您可能需要向您的医生询问有关非荷尔蒙的选择。

你的乳房防御

如果您注意到乳房与您有关的任何变化,请与您的医生交谈。在大多数情况下,无需担心。“有一些明确的排放是正常的。定期痛苦是正常的。我们看到很多与冠状病毒”欧胡斯博士说。“不要在第一周吓坏了,但是如果有几周的时间持续存在,请签出。”

乳腺炎:梅奥诊所。(2020.) “Mastitis: Symptoms and causes.”https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829

When to See Doc for Swollen Lymph Nodes:梅奥诊所。(202Https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-203748291。)“淋巴结肿胀:症状和原因。”https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swollen-lymph-nodes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353902

乳房变化:国家癌症研究所。(2019年。)“乳房变化和状况。”https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes

乳房自我检查频率:Medlineplus。(2021年。)“乳房自我检查。”https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001993.htm

Breast Self-Examination Questions:认识你的女孩。(2022.)“知道你的正常。”https://knowyourgirls.org/resources/know-your-normal/

降低乳腺癌的风险:美国癌症协会。(2021.)“我可以降低乳腺癌的风险吗?”https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/can-i-lower-my-risk.html

Rx Medications for Breast Pain:Cleveland Clinic. (2021.) “Breast Pain (Mastalgia).”https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15469-breast-pain-mastalgia

认识我们的作家
Sarah Ludwig Rausch

Sarah Ludwig Rausch is a health writer and editor whose specialties include mental health, diseases, research, medications, and chronic conditions. She’s written for基督教科学监测器, American Cancer Society