Let's Talk About Symptoms of Diabetes

糖尿病可以在许多不同的显示方式，以及它们中的一些容易被忽略。事实上，30万名美国人谁有糖尿病，其中近四分之一的人不知道它。这就是为什么关注早期征兆是非常重要的。如果你的家人糖尿病运行或低于声症状熟悉的，它可能是在与你的医生检查的好时机。早期准确诊断会给你一个良好的开端，在击败这种疾病。

什么是糖尿病一遍吗？

糖尿病mellitus is a disorder that causes people to have higher-than-normal levels of sugar—or, glucose—in their blood. There are三种主要类型的糖尿病：1型，2型，和妊娠糖尿病。

Here’s how it happens: After you eat a meal, your food is broken down into glucose (among other things) that serves as your entire body’s source of energy. Glucose enters the bloodstream and in response your pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that helps move glucose into fat and muscle cells so they can use it for energy.

在患有糖尿病的人，不过，葡萄糖斗争让你的血液了。This is because either your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin to help move glucose into your cells (type 1 diabetes), or because your body isn’t able to use insulin efficiently (type 2 and gestational diabetes), so you need to make more and more of it.

无论哪种方式，开始葡萄糖在血液中积聚。随着时间的推移，高血糖引起的炎症和其他严重的健康烦恼。

糖尿病有哪些症状？

Despite their differing causes, type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes have similar symptoms. But because signs of the disease are often mild and develop slowly, they’re easy to miss or dismiss.

Classic Signs of Diabetes

There are two “signature” symptoms of the disease:

• Thirst:When there’s too much sugar in the bloodstream, your body pulls water from surrounding tissues to try to dilute it, leaving you dehydrated and parched. Some people with diabetes feel like no matter how much they drink, they can’t quench their thirst.

• Frequent urination:口渴让你酒喝多了，越来越需要撒尿。此外，糖尿病会导致肾脏加班从血液中清除糖。肾脏倾倒这种糖进入你的尿液，创造更多的撒尿。而在疾病的更高级阶段，膀胱周围神经损伤可能会导致一些人感到冲动频繁小便，即使很少或没有出来。

Kids with diabetesmay suddenly start to have accidents at night or even during the day, even if they’ve been potty trained for years.

Early Diabetes Symptoms

尿频而当血糖已经升高显著口渴经常发生。但也有一些不太明显的迹象表明，可以更早上显示出来。

• Fatigue and muscle weakness:Glucose is one of your body’s most important sources of energy—but in diabetes, much of it remains in the bloodstream instead of nourishing your cells, making you feel tired.

• Feeling hungrier:要设法得到它需要的功能的能量，你的大脑斜升饥饿信号和渴望。吃多了也无济于事，但因为从食物遗体被困在血液中的葡萄糖。

Common Symptoms of Diabetes

Along with feelings of thirst and hunger, as well as fatigue and the frequent need to pee, there are other clues that could possibly indicate diabetes. As always, having one or more of these symptoms doesn’t mean you have the disease. But it’s a good idea to see a doctor to have things checked out if you are experiencing:

• Headaches:当你的身体发现自己的短，它需要功能的葡萄糖，您的中枢神经系统可以发送疼痛信号，头痛的形式，作为警示标志。此外，从过度利尿脱水也可能导致头痛，但确切机制尚不清楚。此外，高血糖会导致产量增加肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素，激素能收缩血管在大脑中，引起头痛的。

• 减肥：Some people, especially those with type 1 diabetes, may experience unexpected weight loss, even though they are eating more. When insulin is lacking or there is resistance to it, your body breaks down more fat, causing you to shed pounds.

• 皮疹：People with diabetes are more likely to get fungal skin infections from organisms like yeast. An overgrowth of yeast on the skin can trigger an itchy, scaly rash in warm nooks and crannies like the underarms or between the toes.

• 皮肤的变化：In type 2 diabetes, your pancreas pumps out large amounts of insulin to try and move glucose from your blood into your body’s cells for energy. High levels of insulin can cause skin cells to multiply rapidly, resulting in darkened, velvety-feeling patches of skin calledacanthosis nigricans. They can occur anywhere on your body, but are often found in skinfolds of the neck, groin, or armpit.

• Ketoacidosis:In an effort to get the fuel it needs, your body may start to break down its own fat stores. This floods the bloodstream with substances called ketones, making the blood acidic and become toxic. Ketoacidosis causes shortness of breath, confusion, extreme fatigue, and nausea, and requires immediate treatment. It’s more common in type 1 diabetes, but it can also happen in people with type 2.

• Numbness:The longer blood sugar stays high—and the higher it spikes—the more damage is done to nerves, blood vessels, and other organs in the body. Over time, excess blood sugar can damage nerve endings and lead to tingling, burning, or numbness in the fingers and toes.

• Diarrhea:有时，高血糖可在肠道损伤神经。如果这种损伤称为自主神经病变，情况发生，一个人可能会来回摆动，腹泻和便秘的时期之间。

Should I Get Tested for Diabetes?

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that anyone over age 40 with a BMI of 25 or more should be screened for diabetes, then checked every three years thereafter. People with additional危险因素，如糖尿病或自身免疫性疾病的家族史—should be screened earlier and more often.

The first step in getting a diabetes diagnosis is a blood test. If you are diagnosed with the disease, your doctor may want to perform additional tests to find out which type it is. Correct diagnosis is important sincetreatment differs for the different types.

验血

• A1C (or glycated hemoglobin) blood test:已包这个测试测量你的红血细胞的比例与葡萄糖在过去的两到三个月。它是糖尿病最常见的测试。较高的血糖，你的分数越高。下面5.7 A1C结果被认为是正常;5.7至6.4是糖尿病前期;6.5或以上表明糖尿病。

• Fasting blood sugar test:Blood will be drawn first thing in the morning before you eat or drink anything other than water. A result under 100 milligrams per deciliter is normal; 100 to 125 mg/dL is prediabetic; 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes. Your doctor will likely want to do the test twice before officially diagnosing you.

• 随机血糖检测：抽血在一天中的任何时候，无论你最近还是没吃过。的200毫克结果/ dL的指示糖尿病。

• Antibody test:To further differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, your doctor may also want to draw blood for an “autoantibody” test to see if your immune system is attacking your pancreas, as happens in type 1 diabetes. People with type 1 often test positive for several specific autoantibodies, while those with type 2 (or the rare monogenic diabetes) won’t.

Urine Ketones Test

你的医生可能要测试你的尿液酮体，当它有你的身体产生的化学物质分解脂肪供能。该测试一般可以在家里做，或在实验室或小便制作成标本杯医生的办公室。如果你在家里做测试，它会与纸试纸浸入尿液中。

Extremely high levels of ketones are a sign of ketoacidosis, a potentially fatal complication of diabetes that requires emergency treatment. Ketones usually happen in type 1 diabetes, but on rare occasions, it can occur with type 2, too.

The good news, no matter what your symptoms may be, is that if you do have diabetes, the disease is highly manageable. Through daily insulin injections, medications, and modifications to your diet and exercise routine, you can stay one step ahead of this condition.