11Facts About Heart Attacks in Women

作为一个女人意味着你可以开发的条件，男人不能。我们正在谈论的东西像子宫内膜异位症，多囊卵巢疾病，与妊娠有关的高血压（HBP），所有这些都可以撞了具有一个心脏发作的几率。In fact, a study at Brigham and Women’s Hospital found that women with endometriosis, a painful disorder where uterine tissue grows in other areas of the pelvis—were up to three times more likely to have a heart attack, experience chest pain, or need treatment for blocked arteries. The possible culprit? The chronic inflammation that accompanies endometriosis may also inflame the arteries.

男性和女性都可以得糖尿病，有高血压，或与抑郁症斗争。然而，如果你有任何对这些条件的女人，你可能会在一个心脏攻击比人谁具有相同的风险更大，根据美国心脏协会。事实上，临床抑郁两倍常见于女性，因为它是男人 -双打一个女人的心脏发作的危险。人们认为，女性的各种症状可能得不到治疗，或者是因为他们把自己的家庭第一，不看医生，或者他们的症状误诊或当他们这样做，甚至解雇。

女性往往有以后的生活中比男人做心脏攻击：对第一心脏发作的平均年龄是女72至65人。专家认为，女性暴露于雌激素通过最她们的生育生活提供了对心脏发作了一些额外的保护，但直到大约50岁左右。你知道周围发生了什么，然后......更年期。临床心脏病学在长岛犹太林山在纽约皇后区的导演迈克尔·Goyfman医学博士说，一旦这些激素水平下降，优势就会消失。

我们知道,我们只是说女性更高的雌激素ls may be a benefit—and in general that’s true. But according to a 2019 study published in循环， 心脏病是rising among younger women, and they’re especially dangerous and deadly. It’s still unclear what’s driving the increase, but researchers speculate that young women overall are less healthy today than they were 20 years ago. Young women, defined in the study as ages 35 to 54, were more likely than men to have diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney disease, and stroke—which all have connections to heart disease.

Plaque buildup in the arteries can lead to heart attacks in both men and women—but how that plaque triggers one can be very different. Among men, plaque often suddenly ruptures, or breaks apart. The body’s emergency response system forms a protective blood clot. Unfortunately, that clot can block an artery that supplies blood and oxygen to your ticker, causing a heart attack. Such ruptures account for 75% of all heart attacks in men but only 55% in women.

当斑块破裂和完全阻断了动脉再次，多见于男性，症状严重。男人可能会出现破碎胸痛和沉重。“试想一头大象坐在你胸”丹尼斯Bruemmer，医学博士，在克利夫兰诊所在俄亥俄州一个心脏病专家说。男性额外的，不太明显的症状包括：呼吸急促;疼痛在上身像臂，颈，颌和其他部位;和恶心。

Women can sometimes experience some or all of these symptoms, too, adds Dr. Bruemmer. However, they often show subtler or milder signs of heart attack. More on that next.

Women—especially those under 60—often experience what’s called plaque erosion. As erosion occurs, bits of plaque wear away, and smaller blood clots form in response. Unlike a sudden rupture, which causes immediate, unmistakable symptoms—like severe chest pain—this erosion takes place over time. Symptoms may come on gradually, too. This is particularly true in women who have not yet been through menopause, although it’s not yet known why. “We don’t understand this well,” Dr. Bruemmer admits.

因为女人，尤其是那些在55，不太可能有完全堵塞，他们的症状可能会逐渐显现，而且似乎比男人的那么严重。“他们目前与我们所说的症状不典型，模糊的症状如疲劳，恶心，呕吐，” Bruemmer博士说。女性其他症状包括：头晕;出汗;疼痛在像钳口，无论是手臂，肩部的地方，背部，或胃

他补充说，需要注意的是如何模糊，轻微症状的妇女可以开始三到四个星期是很重要的before一个心脏发作罢工。

More women than men die in the aftermath of a heart attack, according to a study published in循环。This may be because women tend to wait longer before going to the hospital, perhaps because their symptoms are vague or don’t seem life-threatening, says Dr. Goyfman. Once at the ER, they’re less likely to get the right kind of treatment because their heart attacks can be harder to diagnose, he adds. Women’s heart attacks are also more likely to be caused by blockages to small arteries, which angiograms often can’t pick up.

After surviving a heart attack, women are at greater risk for blood clots that can cause another heart attack, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Yet, for unknown reasons they’re less likely to receive medication to prevent blood clots, which may explain why women are more likely to have a second heart attack within 12 months. Women are also less likely to be referred to a cardiac rehabilitation facility for heart health education and exercise, nutrition, and stress relief guidance. Over the past 30 years, fewer than one in five women who’ve had heart attacks received cardiac rehab care.

Whether you’re a man or a woman, there are steps you can take to reduce risk and help prevent a heart attack. Do everything in your power to戒烟。获取每周至少150分钟的锻炼。吃营养丰富，利于心脏健康的饮食，像地中海或DASHdiets. See your doctor on the regular to track HBP, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar levels. Maintain a healthy weight. “While men and women can present with different symptoms of heart attacks, they should take the same steps to prevent heart attacks in the first place,” says Dr. Goyfman.